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South Africa’s Eskom raises wage offer to union to 7%: NUM

22 June 2016 Comments (0) Africa, Business, Latest Updates from Reuters

JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) – South African power utility Eskom has raised its wage offer to 7 percent from 5.75 in negotiations with workers, the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) spokesman said on Wednesday.

“NUM is going to seek a mandate from its members about Eskom’s latest offer, then we will respond to the management,” Livhuwani Mammburu said. The offer was still below NUM’s demand of a 15 percent increase for the least-paid workers.

The utility employs over 42,000 people with NUM representing more than 14,000 of workers.

 

(Reporting by Tanisha Heiberg; Editing by James Macharia)

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Investors cheer Nigeria currency float but won’t rush back yet

22 June 2016 Comments (0) Africa, Business, Latest Updates from Reuters

LONDON (Reuters) – Nigeria’s swift one-step move to a floating currency has been welcomed by investors but most nonetheless will stay away until Africa’s biggest economy shows signs of recovering from damage inflicted by the 16-month old exchange rate peg.

Nigeria this week finally ditched the peg that had throttled foreign exchange markets, led to widespread capital flight and caused its first quarterly economic contraction since the 1990s.

Investors, local businesses and international lenders had called for a devaluation for months as the government burned through hard currency reserves to preserve the naira after a steep oil price tumble tore apart its finances.

But while investors welcomed the float as the right first step, most plan to watch Nigeria from the sidelines anticipating more pain in store.

“It is positive, it is a more credible and flexible exchange rate regime in the long-run, you will see an external rebalancing of the economy, a fiscal adjustment and so on,” said Jonas David, emerging market specialist at UBS Wealth Management in Zurich.

“But in the near term, things will get worse before they get better.”

A slide into recession after the economy shrank in the first quarter of the year and a fresh spike in inflation are among issues investors will want to wait out, said David, together with confirmation that the new regime is functioning properly.

Once that happens, focus will shift to fundamentals such as returning the economy to growth – key for a country of 180 million where some 46 percent live in poverty.

Inflation too is running at the highest in more than six years – it hit 15.6 percent in May – already above the central bank’s 12 percent interest rate.

The currency devaluation is likely to push inflation north of 20 percent in the second half of the year, meaning authorities will need to ramp up interest rates if they want to lure back foreign money to bond markets.

“Right now you have negative real interest rates, so investors will not be enamoured with buying Nigerian bonds given where inflation is or where it is headed,” said Kevin Daly at Aberdeen Asset Management. “You need (a yield) somewhere between 15-20 percent to make this attractive.”

 

TUMBLING AND SOARING

Foreigners held $5.4 billion of Nigerian bonds in September 2013 but dumped most of them after the country was ejected last year from JPMorgan’s GBI-EM index – the most widely used emerging debt benchmark.

A country cut from the index needs to wait at least 12 months before re-inclusion.

But the bond market’s size, liquidity and turnover all made it attractive to foreign investors, said Samir Gadio, Head of Africa Strategy FICC Research at Standard Chartered Bank, noting that Lagos’ $150 million daily turnover was next only to South Africa’s on the continent.

Nigeria’s bourse has avoided the same fate, as index provider MSCI has retained it in its frontier equity indexes with a sizeable 12.4 percent weight. But local stock exchange data shows foreigners’ share dealings are down 66 percent from a year earlier.

While the market has surged about 8 percent this month in anticipation of foreigners’ return, fund managers, eyeing an ominous combination of rampant inflation and slowing growth, may not rush back.

Africa’s biggest oil exporter saw its economy shrink by 0.36 percent – its worst performance in a quarter of a century – and economists predict the contraction deepened in the second quarter due to fuel and FX shortages.

“It will be at least 12 months before we see any green shoots,” said Yvonne Mhango, Sub-Saharan Africa Economist at Renaissance Capital in Johannesburg. “The pain has to cut in full through the economy.”

An average naira rate of 270 per dollar this year implies a fall in Nigeria’s dollar GDP to $400 billion from $481 billion in 2015, Renaissance Capital estimates.

All this is set to hit the local population and firms hard, but foreign companies operating in Nigeria have also suffered. Brewer Heineken for instance reported that consumers had been shifting to cheaper brands.

“(Naira devaluation) will lead to a consumer recession, a collapse in profits in companies,” said Robert Marshall-Lee, investment director at Newton Investment Management.

While Marshall-Lee predicts an “ugly market” for the next couple of years, he says stronger companies such as Guinness Nigeria, Nigerian Breweries or lenders Zenith Bank and Guaranty Trust Bank will probably weather the storm.

“When we see the market pricing the new reality and the stocks de-rate to reflect the new profit base, we will let that shake out happen. It might well over-correct which will give us an opportunity to buy.”

 

(By Karin Strohecker. Additional reporting by Sujata Rao in London and Chijioke Ohuocha in Lagos)

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World Bank program puts Zambia on path to solar energy

22 June 2016 Comments (2) Africa, Business, Featured

solar farm zambia

The African nation will develop two solar farms that will produce more than 70 megawatts.

With an assist from the World Bank, Zambia will build two solar power projects that will provide the cheapest electricity on the continent.

First Solar Inc., the largest panel producer in the United States, along with the French company Neoen, together will build a 45-megawatt plant that will produce electricity that will sell for just over six cents per kilowatt-hour. Enel, an Italian company, will build a 28-megawatt plant that will sell power for just under eight cents per kilowatt-hour.

The two solar farms will be built near a substation that sends power to Zambia’s capital, Lusaka.

The companies are the first winners of an auction program the World Bank launched to encourage wider use of renewable energy in developing countries.

Program reduces costs, risk

The Scaling Solar program, World Bank, International Finance Corp. and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency pooled resources to offer financing, insurance and advice to potential solar developers. This reduces their risk and helps cut costs to build and launch projects, in hopes of attracting large developers capable of building large-scale solar farms to the continent.

The World Bank estimates that less than a quarter of the population of sub-Saharan Africa has access to electrical power. Some African countries, including Zambia, rely heavily on hydropower and have seen energy shortages and outages in recent droughts. Zambia expects to auction another 200 megawatts of solar within a year.

Solar energy development is an important piece of the continent’s plans to help fight global climate change, as approved at COP21 in Paris last year.

Senegal, Madagascar participate

Madagascar and Senegal are also participating in the Scaling Solar project and the World Bank expects to add a fourth African country later this year.

The goal is to encourage development of 850 megawatts of capacity in Zambia, Madagascar and Senegal, which would require an investment of about $1 billion.

The program could be adopted in Asia as well.

“It’s not designed for Africa” alone, said Jamie Fergusson, global lead for renewable energy at the IFC, told Bloomberg. “It’s designed for countries with limited independent power producing experience where the power buyer is a publicly-owned utility.”

Competitive auctions

Scaling Solar uses competitive auctions to award development rights and offers the endorsement of the World Bank. This can allay concerns of international banks about political risk. Using standard contracts, it also speeds development significantly.

More than 90% of Zambia’s generating capacity comes from hydropower.

Drought has brought record-low water levels at the Kariba Dam on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border, forcing significant power cutbacks and rationing.

The reservoir has been at 12%capacity this year and dam authorities cut hydropower production to 25% of capacity in January. A year earlier, the dam, which is fed by the Zambezi River, was at more than 50% capacity.

Africa turns to renewables

With renewable energy a priority on Africa’s climate change agenda, solar developments are becoming more common on the continent.

Morocco this year turned on the first phase of what will be a 580-megawatt farm that will be the world’s largest and serve more than one million people when it is completed in 2018.

Noor 1, the first section located near Ouarzazate, currently produces 160 megawatts of power.

Morocco, which imports more than 90% of its energy, wants to generate 40% of its energy from renewable sources by 2020, with a third of that total coming from solar, wind and hydropower each.

In South Africa, George Airport will use electricity from a 750-kilowatt solar project. Projects that will provide hundreds of megawatts are underway in the nation, where clean energy investment rose to $4.5 billion last year.

Entrepreneurs boost small efforts

Smaller efforts are also taking shape as “solarpreneurs” enter the market.

In Ghana, a local company named Volta builds small solar projects for hospitals, health clinics and schools and lets them pay over time. According to the company’s founder, Mahama Nyankmawu, a 45% reduction in energy costs puts repayment well within reach for his customers.

Another company, Off-Grid Electric, said it is installing more than 10,000 solar units a month in Rwanda and Tanzania. The company recently raised $70 million in investment to expand its operations.

As interest in solar grows on the continent, the World Bank’s Scaling Solar project should help quicken the pace of development.

Antonio Cammisecra, head of business development at Enel in Rome, said the World Bank program for Zambia “accelerated our entry by as much as a couple of years.”

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South Africa’s rand steady, caution prevails ahead of British referendum

22 June 2016 Comments (0) Africa, Business, Latest Updates from Reuters

JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) – South Africa’s rand pulled back from seven week highs against the dollar on Wednesday, with traders and analysts expecting caution to prevail on the eve of a British referendum on whether to remain in the European Union.

Domestic economic headlines have taken a backseat in moving the currency this week, although inflation data due out at 0800 GMT could boost it slightly if higher than expected, raising the prospect of higher interest rates this year.

At 0653 GMT the rand traded at 14.7290 to the dollar, not far off its previous close at 14.7350.

It was however down about 10 cents from Tuesday’s high of 14.6225, the rand’s strongest level since May 4 which came on the back of a rise in risk appetite as investors bet on Britain staying in the EU after Thursday’s vote.

“Optimism in financial markets ahead of the UK referendum has tempered ahead of the vote tomorrow,” Standard Bank said in a note.

Government bonds edged higher in early trade, with the yield for debt due in 2026 dipping 2 basis points to 8.97 percent.

The stock market’s Top-40 futures index was up 0.26 percent, signalling a slightly firmer start for the bourse at 0700 GMT.

 

(Reporting by Stella Mapenzauswa; Editing by Tiisetso Motsoeneng)

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Nigeria stocks near 8-month high on investor interest after FX float

21 June 2016 Comments (0) Africa, Business, Latest Updates from Reuters

LAGOS (Reuters) – Nigerian stocks ended near an 8-month high on Tuesday as investors renewed interest in shares after the central bank floated the naira to lift currency curbs viewed as harming investment and helping cause the economy to contract.

The main share index rose 2.27 percent to 29,422 points, a level last seen on October 2015.

Investors snapped up shares across banks, and consumer goods, hoping that a “freely” traded interbank forex market will help foreign buyers return to stocks after Nigeria ended an currency peg, which caused them to flee.

 

(Reporting by Chijioke Ohuocha)

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Africa’s crippling brain drain

21 June 2016 Comments (0) Africa, Business, Featured

africa brain drain

Millions of highly educated African professionals move to other countries in search of greater opportunities, undermining health care, science and development.

With thousands of well-educated Africans emigrating each year, brain drain is stunting the continent’s growth, especially in medicine and science.

African migrants totaled more than 30 million by 2010 – about 3 percent of the total population of the continent – more than doubling over the previous 20 years, according to a report by the World Bank. About half migrated to other countries within Africa, while others went abroad to the Middle East, Europe and the United States. Many are fleeing conflict in their home countries or seeking better economic opportunities in more advanced African economies. However, many of those fleeing are among Africa’s best educated, and they are seeking to work abroad.

“You cannot eat patriotism”


Gichure wa Kanyugo, a Kenyan-born psychiatrist who works in Boston, said domestic conditions such as poverty, conflict, unemployment and poor health care discourage Africans from returning to their homelands.

“We would like to return home, but domestic conditions don’t allow it. You cannot eat patriotism, can you?” Kanyugo said.

The Economic Commission for Africa estimated that 20,000 educated professionals have left Africa every year since 1990 and the United Nations declared that the outflow of African professionals is “one of the greatest obstacles to Africa’s development.”

The problem is especially acute in the fields of health and science.

In sub-Saharan Africa, 38 of 47 nations fall short of the minimum standard of 20 doctors per 100,000 people set by the World Health Organization.

Shortages of qualified medical personnel were evident during the recent Ebola crisis. In 2014, for example, Liberian officials reported that there were only 170 doctors in the country. Liberia had nearly eight doctors per 100,000 people in 1973 but the rate dropped to just 1.4 by 2008.

Limited opportunities

Meanwhile, experts say most engineers and scientists who train in Africa choose to work abroad because opportunities are limited in Africa, which provides only one percent of the world’s scientific research.

Thierry Zomahoun, chairman of the Next Einstein Forum, said Africa loses $4 billion a year because jobs in science, technology, engineering and math must be outsourced to foreign professionals.

Zomahoun, whose organization staged Africa’s first international science and technology conference in Dakar in 2016, said the solution is greater investment in science and research on the continent to make scientists who have remained on the continent more visible.

The International Development Research Center said brain drain also has financial and societal costs. This is because African countries lose significant amounts of their investment in higher education as graduates leave or decide not to return home when they finish studies abroad.

According to the World Bank, Egypt, Morocco, Burkina Faso, Algeria and Zimbabwe were the top five African emigration countries in 2010.

Emigration rates are among the highest in countries that have gone through armed conflicts, such as Eritrea and Liberia, and in countries with small populations such as Cape Verde and Lesotho.

The most common destinations are France, the United States, Ivory Coast, Saudi Arabia and South Africa.

In the United States, African immigrants account for 4 percent of the country’s foreign-born population. Nigerian, Ethiopian, Egyptian, and Ghanaian immigrants account for 4 in 10 of the African born population in the U.S.

A slowing drain?

Fortunately, there are signs the drain may be slowing. Adcorp, a South African human resources management company, found that more than 350,000 highly skilled South Africans returned from other countries in the six years following the 2008 financial crisis.

One expert said governments must put in place policies that encourage African expatriates to return.

But African businesses also must create more opportunities, said Menghis Bairu, CEO of Serenus Biotherapeutics, which develops medical therapies for sub-Saharan Africa.

Until Africa can more effectively retain professionals or persuade those who have left to return, “Virtual participation” may help ease the problem, engaging expatriate professionals to coach, mentor and help plan advancements, according to the International Development Research Center.

“Virtual participation … shows promise as a means to engage the African Diaspora in development efforts,” the center said.

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South Africa’s Amplats warns H1 profit to fall at least 20%

21 June 2016 Comments (0) Africa, Business, Latest Updates from Reuters

JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) – Anglo American Platinum (Amplats) expects its half-year profit to fall by at least 20 percent due to weaker metal prices, the South African miner said on Tuesday.

Platinum prices have been hurt by growth concerns in China and oversupply worries which have forced firms to abandon projects and sell mines.

Amplats, which produces around 40 percent of the world’s platinum group metals, said it would make a further announcement once it had determined a likely range for its headline earnings per share.

Headline EPS, which strips out certain one-off items, is the main profit measure in South Africa.

Shares in Amplats were little changed at 379.09 rand, largely in line with the blue-chip JSE Top-40 index.

Amplats, a unit of global mining group Anglo American, is focusing on newer and more mechanised mines and removing unprofitable ounces following a record five-month strike in 2014.

Amplats, along with rivals Impala Platinum and Lonmin, is due to start wage talks with unions at the end of June, when the current deal expires.

The National Union of Mineworkers will demand pay increases of 20 percent per year for the next two years while demands from the larger Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union are not yet known.

 

(Reporting by Tiisetso Motsoeneng; editing by Jason Neely)

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Kenya’s NIC Bank appointed to assess assets of closed Imperial Bank

21 June 2016 Comments (0) Africa, Business, Latest Updates from Reuters

NAIROBI (Reuters) – Kenya’s NIC Bank has been appointed as a consultant to assess the assets and liabilities of Imperial Bank, which was put into receivership in October after fraud was uncovered, the central bank said on Tuesday.

The appointment of NIC Bank, a mid-tier bank, would ensure customers receive more of their deposits after the closed bank’s shareholders failed to support a proposal for swiftly reopening Imperial, the central bank said in a statement.

Three small or medium-sized banks in Kenya have been closed in less than a year, unnerving investors. The central bank has said financial issues were specific to the banks concerned and did not pose a systemic risk to the economy of the East African nation, which is a regional financial centre.

Earlier this year, the central bank said clients with deposits of up to 1 million shillings ($9,886.31) would receive funds in full, while those with larger deposits would have to wait for investigations to end to determine the fate of their funds.

NIC, appointed by state receiver Kenya Deposit Insurance Corporation (KDIC), would oversee disbursement of a maximum of 1.5 million shillings to remaining depositors once a court rules, likely on July 4, to lift the suspension of payments.

More deposit payments could be made after that following the completion of due diligence by NIC, which would assume a portion of the remaining deposits and other assets and liabilities, including a majority of Imperial’s staff and branches.

Central Bank of Kenya Governor Patrick Njoroge told a news conference that NIC was not acquiring Imperial Bank, and also said a moratorium on new bank licences remained in place.

 

($1 = 101.1500 Kenyan shillings)

 

(Reporting by George Obulutsa; Writing by Edmund Blair; Editing by Louise Heavens)

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Nigerian naira tumbles 30 percent after peg removed

20 June 2016 Comments (0) Africa, Business, Latest Updates from Reuters

By Chijioke Ohuocha and Oludare Mayowa

LAGOS (Reuters) – Nigeria’s naira slumped 30 percent against the dollar on Monday after the central bank removed its currency peg in an effort to alleviate the chronic foreign currency shortages choking growth in Africa’s biggest economy.

The central bank sold $530 million for 280 naira per dollar at a special auction and later sold a further $86.5 million directly on the interbank market at 281 to 285 naira, traders said.

Monday’s rate was notably weaker than the 197 peg the central bank had maintained for 16 months before abandoning it last week in a bid to alleviate chronic forex shortages and stop the economy from sliding into recession.

The naira had traded just twice by midday, before the central bank held its special auction to clear a backlog of hard currency orders. Less than $1 million had changed hands, prompting an extension of the trading day to 5 p.m. (1600 GMT), dealers said.

Black market currency dealers were quoting the naira at 325 to 345 naira to the dollar, up to 10 percent stronger than on Friday, on expectations more hard currency liquidity on the interbank market would reduce demand on the street.

The central bank has said it may inject foreign exchange into the interbank market to increase liquidity and reduce a backlog of $4 billion backlog of demand, which could take four weeks to clear.

“We suspect that the best way to talk about the new exchange rate regime is still as a managed float, but a managed float that is responsive to market forces,” Citi analysts said in a note. “The new structure does provide a platform for the CBN (central bank) to easily step further away from the market.”

Non-deliverable forwards – contracts used to bet on future exchange rate moves – priced the naira at 302 per dollar in one month’s time. They initially weakened to a record 310 to the dollar.

The two-month contract < NGN2MNDFOR=> saw the naira at 313 per dollar in August. One year down the line < NGN1YNDFOR=> the naira was priced at 355.

Nigeria’s central bank is “reasonably optimistic” the naira will settle around 250 to the dollar after an initial period of weakness following a flotation, the bank’s governor said in a June 3 letter to President Muhammadu Buhari [L8N19836T].

ECONOMIC DOWNTURN

Foreign investors and economists had called for a naira devaluation for months as the shortages of foreign exchange undermined economic growth and led to widespread capital flight.

The central bank said last week it would abandon the peg in a “managed float”. The median forecast from 10 analysts surveyed by Reuters had suggested the naira might trade on Monday at as much as 300 naira per dollar.

Nigeria’s economy, which contracted by 0.4 percent in the first quarter, faces its worst crisis in decades as a result of the decline in oil prices since 2014 and last year’s introduction of the currency peg.

With the naira expected to fall sharply, Nigerian products will become relatively cheap and imports more expensive. That should stimulate the domestic economy, but it is also likely to light a fire under already rising inflation.

“The new system should reduce the shortage of FX in the economy and – in the long run – reduce strains in the balance of payments by discouraging imports and boosting export competitiveness,” said John Ashbourne of Capital Economics.

“But the new system certainly does not mark the end of Nigeria’s economic problems.”

The OPEC oil exporter had resisted devaluing the naira for more than a year, while other major oil producers, including Russia, Kazakhstan and Angola, allowed their currencies to fall after crude prices collapsed.

(Additional reporting by Oludare Mayowa, Ulf Laessing, Karin Strohecker, Sujata Rao and Joe Brock; Writing by Joe Brock and Ulf Laessing; Editing by Larry King)

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A snapshot of African youth, a growing consumer segment

20 June 2016 Comments (0) Africa, Business, Featured

group of african american college students

A new survey finds young Africans aged 15-24 spend more than two hours a day on the internet and voice concern about jobs, rising costs and corruption.

Young Africans spend more than two hours a day on the internet and nearly one-fourth say social media plays a key role in their purchasing decisions.

Those are two takeaways from a new “African Youth,” a study (pdf) of consumer practices and values of young people between the ages of 15 and 24 by the French research institute Ipsos.

Ipsos surveyed more than 1,800 young people who are part of an increasingly important demographic in the social and economic affairs of the continent. Africa has the highest concentration of young people in the world with a population of about 220 million in this age group.

Those surveyed reside in seven countries – Ivory Coast, Senegal, Morocco, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa.

Youth are optimistic despite concerns

Florence de Bigault, Director of Ipsos Africap, said brands must pay attention to young Africans as they have become an important consumer market.

Mall of AfricaAs a group, they “already play a leading role in the development of the African continent. They contribute to consumer spending, shopping mall visits, They aspire to education, employment, entertainment and full access to electricity and the internet,” de Bigault said.

According to the study, young Africans have high expectations for and optimism about the future, but also express concern about jobs, the rising cost of living and corruption.

Food, clothing are top expenses

Among the findings of the survey:

  • 81 percent of young Africans are optimistic about their personal future.
  • 63 percent are optimistic about the future of their country
  • 69 percent are concerned about unemployment, the top concern
  • 63 percent are concerned about the rising cost of living
  • 59 percent are concerned about corruption
  • 34 percent regularly go to shopping centers and markets
  • Their top spending items are food and beverages (43 percent), clothing (38 percent), and telecommunications and internet (33 percent).
  • They spend an average of 2:20 hours a day on the internet and social networks. Young Moroccans spend 3:15 hours per day.
  • 12 percent of those aged 20-24 work for themselves.
  • 22 percent of 15-24 year-olds are influenced by social networks in making purchase decisions
  • 49 percent in Ivory Coast and 30 percent in Senegal prefer French brands while fewer than 2 percent of young people prefer them in Nigeria and South Africa (the continent’s two largest economies).

Firm launches African research project

Ipsos is one of the largest research firms in the world. Operating in 87 countries with 16,000 employees, Ipsos has the capacity to conduct research in more than 100 countries.

The “African Youth” study is ongoing research, including quarterly updates of the youth survey as part of Ipsos’ Africap initiative.

In 2016, Ipsos launched Africap, a consultancy designed to help clients develop business in African markets. It is composed of more than 800 partners in 14 African nations – Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Morocco, South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Mozambique, Angola, and Ivory Coast.

Other ongoing Ipsos studies of the continent include:

  • A survey of food consumption trends in urban African homes;
  • A study of media usage in French-speaking Africa;
  • A survey to study emerging lifestyles and consumption trends.

De Bigault said African youth would continue to be an important part of Ipsos research, focusing on their consumer spending potential.

Another recent study found that youth in East African want a greater voice in their future. The youth-led study by The MasterCard Foundation Youth Think Tank looked at employment and entrepreneurship trends in East Africa. The initiative trained 15 youth from Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda and Kenya to conduct research on young people seeking to enter the job market in their communities. The study includes information from more than 400 interviews with young people, officials and other East Africans. It found young people are eager to have a voice in policy decisions that affect them and are committed to improving their skills. Barriers to earning a living include limited access to information, technology and land as well as gender inequality.

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