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South Africa’s AMCU union to start wage talks with platinum firms next week

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JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) – The largest union in South Africa’s platinum industry said on Thursday it would be demanding higher wages for its members when it begins wage talks next week with Anglo American Platinum, Impala and Lonmin.

The union will seek a net salary of 12,500 rand ($853) as minimum wage for its lowest paid members who now take home around 8,000 rand or a 56 percent increase, and a 15 percent hike for higher paid employees when the talks start on July 12.

“At the rate that inflation is running I think surely we should push every worker in the mining sector to be (earning) 12,500 rand,” AMCU’s president Joseph Mathunjwa told reporters, adding that he would push for a one-year wage agreement.

The platinum firms did immediately respond to requests for comment.

While South Africa is by far the world’s largest platinum producer, the industry has been squeezed by rising costs, labour unrest and plunging global prices for the commodity.

Demand for the metal used to build emissions-cutting catalytic converters in automobiles has also been tepid.

The union made similar pay demands during the platinum wage talks in 2014 as well as in the gold sector in 2015, saying it was seeking “a living wage” for its members.

In both instances the hardline union was unsuccessful, which triggered a record five-month work stoppage in the platinum sector in 2014. The union did not hold a pay strike in 2015.

The companies are still recovering from the 2014 strike with Lonmin and Implats forced to raise cash from investors and Amplats hastening its mechanisation drive through sales.

“We will be approaching these wage negotiations with both parties respecting each other because they know what we are capable of,” Mathunjwa told Reuters.

This year’s wage-bargaining season has kicked off in the power, automotive and mining sectors, with some demands ranging from 13 to 20 percent, far above the current inflation rate of 6.1 percent.

($1 = 14.6545 rand)

 

(By Zandi Shabalala. Editing by James Macharia)

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Renewable Africa: The future is clean

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Renewable Energy

Why groups like Access Power are vital to unlocking Africa’s vast clean energy potential.

The developed world has spent over a century thoroughly addicted to fossil fuels and such entrenched habits are proving hard to kick. On the other hand, Africa is bubbling with the promise of a renewable energy explosion.

Access Power, an organization which owns and operates renewable energy projects in developing nations, is leading the charge. Earlier this month, Access announced the winners of its $7 million competition: Access Co-Development Facility 2016 (ACF). Designed to kick-start promising African renewable energy projects, the competition was hotly contested.

Fierce competition

Reda El Chaar, Executive Chairman of Access Power, highlighted the scope of the African renewable revolution: “This year’s ACF competition introduced us to almost 100 projects, demonstrating the scale of entrepreneurialism and ambition across the African continent to meet the electrification challenge.”

Three companies were recognized as winners after a grueling three stage process: AGES, a solar project from Sierra Leone, Mentach Energy, a wind power development from Nigeria, and Stucky Ltd, a combined Hydro & Solar project from Madagascar. Together these schemes are expected to deliver over 100 megawatts to countless homes in their respective countries.

The revolution is coming; this year the ACF competition received a 75% increase in applications from budding renewable start-ups. What’s more, applications poured in from across the continent with a 40% increase in the number of nations involved in the competition. Africa is beginning to realize that it has massive clean-energy potential.

Energy Africa

The scope of this potential cannot be understated. Looking to the future, Africa has everything required to become the clean energy dynamo for the planet, in a new world where renewable energy is predominantly used.

African Energy Windtower

African Energy Windtower

The continent possesses huge stretches of land where solar power could generate enormous returns, particularly in the Sahara where the sun shines relentlessly. Some studies have suggested that a solar facility covering 0.3% of the Sahara could generate enough electricity for the whole of continental Europe. Particularly in West Africa, where strong winds sweep costal and elevated regions, wind farms could be utilized to harvest significant amounts of clean energy. Hydroelectric power can also be used to far greater effect as the continent is rich in powerful rivers and vast lakes. According to the UN’s Environment Programme, East Africa’s Great Rift Valley region could produce over 4,000 MW of geothermal energy. What’s more, Africa has a huge coastline waiting to be exploited by tidal power projects.

The path ahead

Africa is truly an untapped gold mine when it comes to renewable energy, which is why organizations like Access Power are so important in driving forward the expansion of renewable energy usage. The region is lagging behind the rest of the world when it comes to energy availability. Over 70% of sub-Saharan Africa is without access to reliable power, with many rural areas almost entirely off the grid. The problem is compounded by population growth as Africa’s population is set to increase by 1.3 billion between now and 2050.

Renewable energy is the obvious answer. Renewables like wind and solar can provide rural populations with accessible, closed-loop power, while large scale projects have greater long term promise than fossil fuels for improving net availability. As Africa rushes to improve its energy infrastructure, it needs to embrace clean power, not dirty.

Currently, renewable energy accounts for only 7% of Africa’s current energy production. As the region becomes more energy hungry, a continuation of this trend would be a hammer blow to climate change goals, and a huge missed opportunity given the continent’s potential. However, Africa is also home to abundant traditional energy options such as coal and gas. For developing nations, the temptation to lean on such resources is strong, especially as they remain the easier option in the absence of foreign investment.

The Africa EU Energy Partnership (AEEP) has a crucial role to play at this juncture. Dr. Michael J. Saulo, of the Technical University of Mombasa explained, “Africa needs Europe and Europe needs Africa. Europe has the know-how and the private investment, Africa has a vast potential for renewables. All factors converge together.”

Increased Euro-African cooperation is removing many historical deterrents to investment, such as political uncertainty and cumbersome government regulation. Another obstacle, the perception of poor returns on investments, has also melted away now that the start-up costs for wind and solar projects have plummeted to very attractive levels.

For the future of renewables in Africa, the signs are promising. However it is not just Africa that stands to gain. The continent is about to become a pivotal battleground in the fight against climate change. More foreign investors like Access Power are sorely needed if Africa is to realize its clean energy potential.

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South Africa’s net reserves rise to $40.826 billion in June

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JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) – South Africa’s net gold and foreign exchange reserves rose to $40.826 billion in June from $40.48 billion in May, Reserve Bank data showed on Thursday.

Gross reserves rose to $46.366 billion from $46.081 billion previously, the central bank said.

The forward position, which represents the central bank’s unsettled or swap transactions, edged down to $1.616 billion in June from $1.64 billion in May.

 

(Reporting by Olivia Kumwenda-Mtambo; Editing by Kevin Liffey)

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South Africa should not underestimate ratings downgrades risk

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JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) – South Africa should not underestimate the risk of credit rating downgrades this year if the ailing economy does not improve, Central Bank Deputy Governor Daniel Mminele said on Wednesday.

Pretoria dodged ratings downgrades from Moody’s, S&P Global Ratings and Fitch earlier this year, giving policymakers time to act to strengthen the economy of Africa’s most industrialised country before the next round of reviews due by December.

Analysts have said South Africa’s economy faces hurdles and that the threat of “junk” status is looming.

“During May and June, South Africa received confirmations of unchanged credit ratings from all three major credit rating agencies,” Mminele said in a speech posted on the bank’s website.

“These confirmations, however, came with a very clear message: further improvements in the macroeconomic fundamentals are required.”

He said this suggested that “in the absence of demonstrable progress being made as part of a concerted effort involving all social partners, the risk of downgrades during the next reviews towards the end of this year should not be underestimated.”

The bank expects South Africa’s economy to grow by 0.6 percent this year and a modest recovery is seen over the next two years, but Mminele said the assumptions underlying the estimate had not factored in any possible spillover effects from Britain’s vote to leave the European Union.

“The UK’s present and future are now riddled with uncertainty, naturally accompanied by a flight to safety,” Mminele said.

“For South Africa, the implications through direct trade links are expected to be relatively minimal. In 2015, the UK accounted for only 4 percent of our total merchandise exports.”

Mminele, however, said financial linkages were far larger relative to the size of the South African economy.

For example, the value of South African assets owned by UK corporates and investment funds amounted to 46.5 percent of South Africa’s gross domestic product (GDP) at the end of 2014.

In turn, South African investors owned UK assets amounting to 33.2 percent of the African country’s GDP.

“In addition, both foreign direct investment and portfolio flows are also significant. This means that South Africa could very well be affected by the realization of tail risks emanating from asset liquidation by UK corporates and investment funds,” Mminele said.

 

(Reporting by Olivia Kumwenda-Mtambo; Editing by James Macharia)

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WeFarm combines cutting edge ideas with simple technology

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wefarm

WeFarm aims to help farmers around the world support each other through simple SMS connections.

WeFarm was launched in 2014, as a means of giving farmers – in very different areas – access to advice and information from other people in the trade. The idea was to connect people who had no internet access, in order to give them the opportunity to learn from each other, and help share vital information. The company’s slogan is: “The internet for people without the internet”.

Connecting the unconnected

With 500 million small-scale farmers across the world, offering a wealth of experiences and methods to draw on, peer-to-peer networking for this essential group of workers could be huge. CEO and founder Kenny Ewan spent 7 years working with many remote agricultural workers in Peru before he devised the idea.

Ewan explained what inspired his idea: “I was always very impressed with the unique and low-cost solutions farmers would come up with as solutions to their problems, (but) farmers living less than 20 miles away wouldn’t have any way to hear about these local innovations because very few people in rural Latin America and Africa have internet access.”

From here the WeFarm idea was born. Ewan approached his co-worker, Claire Rhodes, and the two quickly drafted out their plans. After winning grants from the Nominet Trust and the Knight Foundation, WeFarm began to pilot its service in Kenya and Peru.

WeFarm CEO and founder Kenny Ewan

Strength in diversity

While it might initially seem unusual to try and connect such different markets as Kenya and Peru, Ewan explains that a wide range of experiences is a strength for the system. Citing a recent example of a Kenyan farmer who wanted information on keeping rabbits, Ewan says, “He was able to ask questions and get information from someone who’d been keeping rabbits for 20 or 30 years on their farm. He was a farmer in Kenya. His question got answered in Peru.”

Once a farmer has signed up to the service, they simply text a question to the local WeFarm number, and WeFarm’s online system scans the question for keywords, before forwarding it to farmer profiles that seem relevant. A body of translators ensures that questions can be asked and answered in English, French, Spanish, and Swahili.

WeFarm had 33,000 Kenyan farmers signed up inside 10 months of launching, and within its first month in Uganda there were 5,000 Ugandan members.

Ewan hopes that by sending questions to both local and remote members, all those using the service can benefit greatly. “Farmers,” he noted, “can obtain both instant, relevant local knowledge as well as new ideas and insights from further afield.”

Growth for all

With over 5.2 million messages having already been sent, and with an average of 65% of all users contributing their own knowledge to the service, WeFarm is growing quickly.

The service is on the verge of launching in Tanzania and The Ivory Coast, but it also has plans far beyond these impending introductions.

There are planned moves into the markets of Rwanda, Ethiopia, India, and Brazil, with Ewan and his team currently raising $2.9 million in funding to drive this expansion.

As the database of information increases, so does the opportunity for the company to expand its positive influence. The beneficial information, that farmers can find ranges from more in-depth reports on market prices and products, to shared tips about adapting practices to climate change.

As the company grows, so does the proportion of farmers in the developing world who can grow their own business. Moreover, as everything at the user level requires no more than a basic cell phone, the penetration of the project far outstrips internet access.

Ewan says that some people were skeptical about farmers helping each other for no fee, but on the contrary their users embrace the chance to share their views. Ewan said, “It’s not just about the exchange of information; it’s also about empowering people to have their voice heard.”

As WeFarm continues to grow, a lot more of the farming world’s voices should soon be heard.

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Tinkering with South African fiscal policy won’t boost growth

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JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) – South Africa’s economy is not growing fast enough to create jobs, but tax cuts or increases in public spending are unlikely to stimulate growth, a senior Treasury official said on Tuesday.

South Africa’s unemployment currently hovers close to 27 percent of the labour force, while data on Monday showed employment in the formal sector fell by 0.2 percent to 9.273 million people in the first quarter of the year.

The Treasury estimates that Africa’s most industrialised country could grow by 0.9 percent this year compared with 1.3 percent in 2015, while the central bank and the International Monetary Fund have forecast 2016 growth at 0.6 percent.

“It is unlikely that growth … will come from tinkering or manipulation of macroeconomic policy variables …, in other words reducing taxes or increasing expenditure,” Director General Lungisa Fuzile told a business conference organised by the Gordon Institute of Business Science.

Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan in February unveiled a package of spending cuts, civil service job freezes and moderate tax hikes, partly to avoid credit rating downgrades.

Fuzile said reforms were underway at more than 300 publicly-owned companies which the Treasury has pledged to wean off state bailouts, though he did not elaborate.

Many of these firms are a drain on the state budget and have been flagged by all three major ratings agencies as a risk to South Africa’s investment grade status.

 

ELECTIONS LOOM

Fuzile said he was concerned about the quality of governance among those firms, adding that the Treasury was close to finalising proposals for merging two state-owned airlines, South African Airways (SAA) and SA Express.

However, political analysts say the reform of state firms could suffer amid preparations for local government polls in August and factional contests in the ruling African National Congress which have led to violence and deaths across the country.

“Under such circumstances, you are not going to have a sober debate in cabinet about what to do to fix (the state firms). The calculus is not sound governance,” analyst Prince Mashele told Reuters on the sidelines of the business conference.

South Africa’s private sector contracted in June after expanding for the first time in a year in May as output fell and companies cut jobs, a survey showed on Tuesday, while another report pointed to waning consumer confidence.

 

(By Mfuneko Toyana. Editing by James Macharia and Gareth Jones)

 

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Is there hope for Eritrea?

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Eritrean refugees

Can Eritrea shake its reputation and get a handle on its migration problem?

Is Africa’s youngest country also its most repressive state? The labels it has carried for the past decade have become the lens through which the international community views it, but how fair is the reputation it has developed? Eritrea gained independence in 1993, nearly 30 years after Emperor Haile Selassie seized the land for Ethiopia in 1962. It has never held elections, has no free press and has a mandatory and indefinite national service. However, this oppressive picture seems to be at odds with the experiences of recent visitors, journalists and diplomats who have reported the country to be clean, relaxed and relatively advanced. People can be seen enjoying bars, restaurants and cinemas while going about their day under no obvious restrictions. The issues contributing to its high levels of emigration are unique. Can the problems be reversed and stability returned to this troubled nation?

Eritrea’s Troubled Past

The UN has repeatedly criticized the government for its lack of democracy and suspected human rights abuses. For over a decade, journalists have been barred from entering the country and in 2001, the government shut all down all free press houses. International sanctions placed over its alleged support of Al Shaabab Islamists in Somalia have further damaged Eritrea’s economy and deepened its isolation on the world stage.

Modern Eritrea has faced a number of crises in its young life. After just a few years of independence, a two-year war broke out in 1998-2000 that left tens of thousands dead. After 15 years of tentative peace, there has been a recent resurgence of violence. Details have been vague, with 200 Ethiopian troops reportedly killed, and both sides accusing the other of re-starting the hostilities.

Europe Watches On

Eritrea’s problems have been compounded by severe droughts and the nation’s heavy reliance on agriculture. A revival of the conflict with Ethiopia would be nothing short of catastrophic, inevitably forcing more people to flee the nation, adding to an already alarming exodus from the troubled country.

Migration from Eritrea hit new highs in 2015, with Eritreans being the largest contingent of Africans to arrive in Europe. This migration, although detrimental, is forcing the international community to take notice of the problems faced in Eritrea, driving change.

Mass Migration 

Eritrean refugee camp

Eritrean refugee camp

Due to this influx of migrants reaching Europe’s shores, the EU has recently announced a $227m “development fund” for Eritrea and has opened access to a number of emergency finance mechanisms. There is a growing perception that sanctions and further isolation are far less effective than engagement with these problematic countries; an increased amount of communication, research and aid has proven to be a more valuable strategy. It has been suggested that international isolation and hostilities with Ethiopia would only force it closer to its Somali and Sudanese neighbors, something unlikely to elicit the reforms that the UN has demanded.

The development fund, which is due to run from 2016-2020, as well as collaboration with the government to improve democratic and human rights, is expected to reduce the number of Eritreans leaving the country. The effectiveness of this campaign will depend on the government following through with reform. They claim the restrictive state has been a necessity due to a “no war, no peace” policy towards Ethiopia, and a need to be vigilant and prepared for further confrontation.

Looking Forwards

Alongside fresh UN aid, additional money is finding its way into the country through private investment in industry, particularly in the mining sector as Eritrea boasts strong mineral resources. The conflict in Yemen has also led to a fortuitous collaboration with the United Arab Emirates, with Eritrea providing “logistical facilities” from its southern port of Assab. Commentators feel that this foreign capital and cooperation is critical in paving the way to improved conditions and stability within the nation.

Despite its troubles, Eritrea has made some meaningful progress on its own. Since its independence from Ethiopia and subsequent war in 1998-2000, the country has posted promising health statistics. Under-five mortality has decreased by two thirds, due in part to successful vaccination programs that have saved thousands of lives. AIDS has long been a scourge upon Africa, with the continental infection rate standing at 5% today. Defiantly, Eritrea has bucked the trend by bringing its infection rates down to a comparatively low 0.8%.

Eritrea’s mass-migration problem is unlike those of Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and Somalia. It has relatively low rates of corruption, it is not currently at war, and is not a hotbed of religious extremism or persecution. The problems its citizens face are related to democracy and a lack of rights, decisions the government claims are to protect the country’s future. Can this government be persuaded to work with the international community and democratize the country? The issues it faces are unique, but with an international focus on decreasing migration, coupled with foreign investment, its future could be promising.

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Nigerian militants say they blew up oil facilities near Warri

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LAGOS (Reuters) – Nigerian militant group the Niger Delta Avengers said on Tuesday it had blown up a Chevron well and oil pipelines near the city of Warri in the country’s southern oil hub.

The group, which says it wants a greater share of oil wealth to go the impoverished Niger Delta region, the source of most of the country’s crude, has pushed production to 30-year lows in the last few weeks through a spate of attacks.

It said it blew up a NPDC (Nigerian Petroleum Development Company) manifold, close to Banta, and two crude pipelines operated by the state oil company NNPC, adding that it also blew up “Chevron Well 10”, close to Otunana flow station. Chevron and NNPC were not immediately available to comment.

A remote manifold platform (RMP) is where small oil or gas pipelines converge before connecting to a larger storage hub.

The statement, carried on the group’s website, said the attacks happened shortly before midnight, but did not make clear whether the strikes were on Monday.

On Sunday the Avengers claimed responsibility for five attacks – the first such claim since June 16. Petroleum ministry sources said in late June a month-long truce had been agreed with militants, but the Avengers said they did not “remember” agreeing to a ceasefire.

 

(Reporting by Shalini Nagarajan in Bengaluru, and Alexis Akwgyiram in Lagos, editing by David Evans)

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Nigeria replaces Skye Bank bosses over capital failures

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LAGOS (Reuters) – Nigeria’s central bank has replaced the chairman and chief executive of Skye Bank after it failed to meet minimum capital ratios, its governor said on Monday.

The central bank said Skye Bank’s non-performing loan ratio has been above the regulatory limit for a while and it hadmet with Skye’s board to resolve the issue, governor Godwin Emefiele told a briefing.

Earlier, banking sources told Reuters that Skye’s chief executive Timothy Oguntayo had resigned before the central bank announcement. He was the head of Skye Bank when it bought nationalised lender Mainstreet Bank in 2014.

“The basic issue is capital adequacy and liquidity. From what we see, adequacy ratio in the bank has been weakening and we don’t want it to get to a point where depositors will be at risk,” Emefiele said.

Skye Bank is designated as one of Nigeria’s systemically important banks due to the size of total sector deposits it holds after the acquisition of Mainstreet Bank. This means it has to hold more capital.

Emefiele said the central bank had conducted a stress test and decided to replace the chairman, chief executive and all non-executive directors after they failed to recapitalise the bank.

He said Skye had been a net borrower from its rediscount window for “sometime.” The central bank also appointed Tokunbo Abiru from rival First Bank to head Skye Bank.

“(Skye) bank is not in distress and remains able to continue banking activity,” Emefiele said.

Nigeria’s central bank has powers to remove bank executives and used them during the 2008/2009 global financial crisis when it sacked nine CEOs at banks which were undercapitalised.

Last year, the regulator gave three commercial banks until June 2016 to recapitalise after they failed to hit a minimum capital adequacy rate of 10 percent.

Skye Bank has been in talks with shareholders and new investors to raise 30 billion naira ($150 million). It suspended plans for a rights issue last year due to weak market conditions.

Emefiele said the overall banking industry was sound, despite weaknesses in the economy but that none of Nigeria’s 21 commercial lenders were in distress.

Shares in Skye fell 9.5 percent.

 

(By Chijioke Ohuocha and Oludare Mayowa. Additional reporting by Alexis Akwagyiram; Editing by Louise Heavens and Jane Merriman)

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Paul Ballen looks to make ice-cream a South African passion

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Paul Ballen Ice Cream

Paul Ballen’s ice-cream startup is making waves with its unique flavors and fresh approach.

Ice-Cream is pretty big business across much of the world, but South Africa is not a name that most would connect with the frozen treat. Paul Ballen is a man intent on changing this, and on creating a brand of ice-cream that is known for its quality and innovative flavors.

Ballen’s company, the eponymous Paul’s Homemade Ice-Cream, has been creating a stir in his hometown Johannesburg with its bold varieties and focus on high quality ingredients.

As the Paul’s Homemade Ice-Cream range expands and grows in popularity, ice-cream lovers will be hoping it spreads outside of its home country.

It started with a gift

The beginning to Ballen’s company began only 6 years ago, when his mother bought him an ice-cream maker for his 21st birthday. Something that was initially just a bit of fun in his parents’ kitchen, turned into a passion and a small source of income. Bellen said, “I started playing with different flavors and textures. I shared it with my friends and…ran it as a side business throughout my university studies and began supplying delis and cafés.”

Paul's ice cream flavors

Paul’s ice cream flavors

This small project slowly grew, as Ballen used social media to show people his latest flavor creations. One machine in his parents’ kitchen became three machines in the garage, as Ballen began to take orders from friends and local people. At this stage the business had grown, but it was still a very small operation. However, Paul Ballen decided to team up with a University friend, Josh Amoils, and as business partners the duo decided to make Ballen’s passion a full time enterprise.

Amoils said, “I was excited about new ventures and new opportunities and we decided to give it a go in March 2014. We moved from the garage at Paul’s parents’ house to a workshop…we simultaneously had to get on the road and visit distributing outlets to try get our ice cream out there. Things just developed from there. We just constantly kept moving forward.”

Innovative flavors lead the way

A consistent factor with Paul’s Ice-Cream, whether from his early experiments in 2010 to his latest releases, is the focus on unusual flavors and fresh ingredients.

While the range includes classic ice-cream flavors, Ballen is constantly trying new combinations and ideas to ensure that the range excites consumers.

To get an idea of their range, consider that as well as offering the ubiquitous strawberry flavor, there is also a Strawberry & Pink Peppercorn. How many other brands of ice-cream offer flavors such as, White Russian, Oatmeal & Raison and Spiced Pumpkin & Marshmallow?

Paul's Homemade Ice-Cream

Paul’s Homemade Ice-Cream

While many of these flavors remain as permanent fixtures in their range, what really differentiates Paul’s Homemade Ice-Cream is that, as an artisanal product it can constantly offer limited edition flavors to keep interest high.

Ballen says, “We create really innovative flavors. Each month we run a campaign where we create a buzz around a topic or theme and then develop an ice cream flavor based on the theme, which is then available for that month.

These flavors are also highly focused on fresh ingredients with no artificial flavorings, and no automated machinery involved in creating each batch. Amoils explains that, “We only use natural ingredients, no preservatives, no additives. We don’t compromise on the quality of the ingredients, they are as good as you can get. We feel our stuff is made with love.”

The future of Paul’s Homemade Ice-Cream

Several cafes and restaurants around Johannesburg now stock Paul’s Homemade Ice-Cream, and the company has had international media interest. Despite growing interest, the company’s ice-creams remain a true craft product, as opposed to a mass-produced product that simply uses the fashionable label of “craft” for marketing.

Bullen and Amoils currently employ a workforce of 20 people, and like any successful business it is bound to grow, but neither of the two entrepreneurs wishes to alter the ethos of what has made the company so popular with its customers. Amoils explained, “We would rather maintain our current process of training up craftsmen, as opposed to investing millions in machinery to scale up production.”

While it is an admirable approach, it means that it could be a while before dessert lovers outside of South Africa get to enjoy White Rabbit or Apple Pie flavor ice-cream.

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